Q1: Is the fish deeper or shallower than its image appears to be? (Using a sketch explain your reasoning.) 

Q2: Should you stab above or below the image of the fish to spear it? (Explain your reasoning using a sketch.)

You should stab below the image of the fish.

Q3:What did you observe?

As the water level rises, the coin becomes visible.

Q4:How did the image of the coin viewed through the water compare to simply looking at the coin? Compare the apparent size of the coin.

Q5:Draw two ray diagrams for your eye, the coin, and the cup, one with and one without water. Does the light bend in either case? 

Q6: Use your diagrams to explain what you observed, describe how light must change paths.

Light must be bent away from the normal as it leaves the water in order for your eye to see the coin.

Q7:Now re-address (discuss and amend your responses for) the spearfishing questions.

Q8: You are hired by the neighborhood greasy spoon restaurant, and assigned to wash dishes in an industrial sized sink. You see the drain plug on the bottom through the cold, greasy water and it looks like it is just barely within reach. Can you pull it out by hand? Why or why not? (Physical science reasons, please)

You can not reach the drain plug. Light reflected off the drain is bent away from the normal as the ray leaves the water. Therefore the drain's position appears to be shallower than it actually is. It also appears magnified adding to the perception of being closer.